

Exaggerating the vocal style and expressive palette of blues singers such as Howlin’ Wolf and Muddy Waters, Plant created the sound that has defined much hard rock and heavy metal singing: a high range, an abundance of distortion, loud volume, and emotional excess (“Whole Lotta Love” is a classic example). Plant’s voice rounded out Led Zeppelin’s sound. Page’s guitar solos were based primarily on melodic ideas derived from the blues scale (“Heartbreaker” is a good example), and he is especially known for creating multiple, simultaneous guitar parts-a kind of guitar orchestra-in such songs as “Achilles Last Stand” and “The Song Remains the Same.” Page is considered one of rock’s guitar heroes, but, because he was more interested in creating a distinctive mood and sound on a recording than in displaying his virtuosity, he frequently chose not to include a guitar solo in Zeppelin songs. Jones also contributed much to the arrangement of songs. Although Page was responsible for the majority of their signature riffs (the short, repeated musical ideas that often structure a song), Jones wrote the riff for the celebrated “Black Dog” and several other songs. Page and Jones also wrote most of the band’s music, while Plant contributed lyrics and some musical ideas. The heaviness of songs such as “Dazed and Confused” and “Whole Lotta Love” was created by Bonham’s enormous drum sound and through Page’s production techniques, in which he emphasized drums and bass, resulting in a sonic spaciousness that has kept the records sounding fresh years after they were made. Although acoustic and folk-based music was part of the band’s repertoire from its inception, it was the bottom-heavy, loud, raw, and powerful electric style that gained them their following and notoriety early on their first two albums included many of the songs that prompted Led Zeppelin’s categorization as a precursor of heavy metal. The group was influenced by various kinds of music, including early rock and roll, psychedelic rock, blues, folk, Celtic, Indian, and Arabic music. Bassist and keyboard player Jones, like Page, was a veteran studio musician vocalist Plant and drummer Bonham came from little-known provincial bands. Initially called the New Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin was formed in 1968 by Jimmy Page, the final lead guitarist for the legendary British blues band the Yardbirds. May 31, 1948, Redditch, Hereford and Worcester-d. January 3, 1946, Sidcup, Kent), and John Bonham (b. August 20, 1948, West Bromwich, West Midlands), John Paul Jones (original name John Baldwin b.

January 9, 1944, Heston, Middlesex, England), Robert Plant (b.

Although their musical style was diverse, they came to be well known for their influence on the development of heavy metal. Led Zeppelin, British rock band that was extremely popular in the 1970s.
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